In short
To become a firefighter, you typically need a high school diploma, EMT certification, and to pass written, physical ability and medical exams, then complete a fire academy and on-the-job training. Many departments also require paramedic training. Firefighters earned a median of $59,280 in May 2025, per BLS.
| Median pay | $59,280 a year, about $28.50 an hour (May 2025) |
|---|---|
| Typical way in | Certificate, plus long-term on-the-job training |
| Jobs in the U.S. | About 355,300 (2025) |
| Outlook, 2025 to 2035 | Projected growth of 3.7% |
| Openings each year | About 26,800 on average, including replacements |
| Common requirements | EMT certification, physical ability test, background check |
| Where they work | City and county fire departments, airports, industrial sites |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025 to 2035 and May 2025 wages, BLS. National figures; pay where you live can be higher or lower, and starting pay is lower than the median.
The hiring process
Departments post exams on their own schedules. Expect a written test, a physical test such as the CPAT used by many departments, interviews, background checks and a medical exam. Volunteering or working as an EMT helps your application.
Questions people ask
Do firefighters need to be EMTs?
Most departments require EMT certification, and some require paramedic.
How long does it take to become a firefighter?
Often a year or more, counting EMT training, testing and the academy.
Is it hard to get hired?
Yes, many departments get far more applicants than openings.